Method for Substrate Moisture NCF Voiding Elimination

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device, semiconductor device assembly, and method of forming a semiconductor device assembly that includes moisture impermeable layer. The assembly includes a first substrate and a second substrate electrically connected to a surface of the first substrate. The assembly includes a layer between the two substrates with the moisture impermeable layer between the layer and the surface of the first substrate. The layer may be non-conductive film, die attach film, capillary underfill, or the like. A portion of the surface of the first substrate may include a solder mask between the moisture impermeable layer and the first substrate. The moisture impermeable layer prevents, or at least inhibits, moisture within the first substrate from potentially creating voids in the layer. The moisture impermeably layer may be a polyimide, a polyimide-like material, an epoxy, an epoxy-acrylate, parylene, vinyltriethoxysilane, or combination thereof. The moisture impermeable layer may have a high electrical resistance.

FIELD

The embodiments described herein relate to semiconductor deviceassemblies having a moisture impermeable layer and methods of providingsuch semiconductor device assemblies.

BACKGROUND

Semiconductor device assemblies, including, but not limited to, memorychips, microprocessor chips, and imager chips, typically include asemiconductor device, such as a die, mounted on a substrate. Thesemiconductor device assembly may include various functional features,such as memory cells, processor circuits, and imager devices, and mayinclude bond pads that are electrically connected to the functionalfeatures of the semiconductor device assembly. The semiconductor deviceassembly may include semiconductor devices stacked upon and electricallyconnected to one another by individual interconnects between adjacentdevices within a package.

Various methods and/or techniques may be employed to support adjacentdies and/or substrates in a semiconductor device assembly. For example,thermal compression bonding with non-conductive film (NCF) may be used.As an example, the NCF may be a laminated sheet of film deposited onto asubstrate. One potential disadvantage is the presence of voids withinthe NCF. FIG. 3 shows a semiconductor device assembly 300 that includesa second substrate, or semiconductor device, 320 bonded to a firstsubstrate 310. The second substrate 320 is electrically connected to thefirst substrate 310 via interconnects 330 comprised of pillars 325connected to electrical traces 315 as would be appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art. A single second substrate 320 is shown inFIG. 3 connected to the first substrate 310 for illustrative purposes.However, the semiconductor device assembly 300 may include more than oneadditional substrate 320 as would be appreciated by one of ordinaryskill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The semiconductor device assembly 300 includes a solder mask 350 and NCF360 positioned between the second substrate 320 and a first or topsurface 311 of the first substrate 310, which is opposite a second orbottom surface 312. The semiconductor device assembly 300 includes voids380 within the NCF 360. The voids 380 may have been created due tomoisture within the first substrate 310 moving up to the bond linebetween the first substrate 310 and the second substrate 320.Semiconductor device assemblies 300 are typically assembled in a highhumidity environment, which helps to decrease the possibility ofelectrostatic discharge. The high humidity environment causes the firstsubstrate 310 to absorb moisture once the first substrate 310 is removedfrom the packaging. The absorbed moisture may move up to the bond lineduring the assembly process potentially causing voids 380 in the NCF360.

One method to eliminate voids 380 within the NCF 360 is to bake thefirst substrate 310 for a substantial period, for example for two (2) tothree (3) hours, to remove the moisture from the first substrate 310prior to assembly with the second substrate 320, which may be asemiconductor device such as a die. This process increases the overallcost and time required to assemble a semiconductor device assembly 300.Additionally, the first substrate 310 begins to absorb moisture once itexits the baking process requiring the second substrate 320 to beconnected to the first substrate 310 in a short time period after thebaking process. For example, the first substrate 310 may absorb too muchmoisture if not assembled with the second substrate 320 within eight (8)hours of the baking process.

Thermo-compression bonding (TCB) using flux and capillary underfill(“Flux/CUF”) as a material is another technique that may be used toattach a die to a substrate to create a semiconductor device assembly.The flux may be flux jetted onto a substrate and then a semiconductordevice may be attached to the substrate using a TCB process. Afterwards,capillary underfill (CUF) may be dispensed next to the semiconductorbond line so that the capillary effect pulls the CUF into the bond lineuntil it is full. Absorbed moisture within the substrate may move up tothe bond line during the assembly process potentially causing voids inthe CUF. Die attach film (DAF) may be used to facilitate attaching a dieto a substrate. Absorbed moisture within the substrate may move up tothe bond line during the assembly process potentially causing voids inthe DAF.

Additional drawbacks and disadvantages may exist.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of asemiconductor device assembly having a moisture impermeable layer.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of asemiconductor device assembly having a moisture impermeable layer.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section view of a prior art semiconductordevice assembly.

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a prior art substrate.

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a substrate having a moistureimpermeable layer.

FIG. 6A is a graph showing the moisture absorption rate of a substrate.

FIG. 6B is a graph showing the moisture absorption rate of a substrate.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting one embodiment of a method of making asemiconductor device assembly.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However,it should be understood that the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within thescope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In this disclosure, numerous specific details are discussed to provide athorough and enabling description for embodiments of the presentdisclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that thedisclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details.Well-known structures and/or operations often associated withsemiconductor devices may not be shown and/or may not be described indetail to avoid obscuring other aspects of the disclosure. In general,it should be understood that various other devices, systems, and/ormethods in addition to those specific embodiments disclosed herein maybe within the scope of the present disclosure.

The term “semiconductor device assembly” can refer to an assembly of oneor more semiconductor devices, semiconductor device packages, and/orsubstrates, which may include interposers, supports, and/or othersuitable substrates. The semiconductor device assembly may bemanufactured as, but not limited to, discrete package form, strip ormatrix form, and/or wafer panel form. The term “semiconductor device”generally refers to a solid-state device that includes semiconductormaterial. A semiconductor device can include, for example, asemiconductor substrate, wafer, panel, or a single die from a wafer orsubstrate. A semiconductor device may refer herein to a semiconductordie, but semiconductor devices are not limited to semiconductor dies.

As used herein, the terms “vertical,” “lateral,” “upper,” “lower,” “up,”“down,” “top,” “bottom,” or the like can refer to relative directions orpositions of features in the semiconductor devices and/or semiconductordevice assemblies shown in the Figures. For example, “upper” or“uppermost” can refer to a feature positioned closer to the top of apage than another feature. These terms, however, should be construedbroadly to include semiconductor devices and/or semiconductor deviceassemblies having other orientations, such as inverted or inclinedorientations where top/bottom, over/under, above/below, up/down, andleft/right can be interchanged depending on the orientation.

Various embodiments of this disclosure are directed to semiconductordevices, semiconductor device assemblies, semiconductor packages, andmethods of making and/or operating semiconductor devices. In oneembodiment of the disclosure, a semiconductor device assembly comprisesa first substrate, a second substrate electrically connected to asurface of the first substrate, and a layer between the surface of thefirst substrate and the second substrate. The layer may be NCF, CUF,DAF, or the like. The semiconductor device assembly includes a moistureimpermeable layer positioned between the layer and the surface of thefirst substrate, wherein the moisture impermeable layer ideallyprohibits, but at least inhibits or resists moisture within the firstsubstrate from moving through the moisture impermeable layer.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, a semiconductor device comprises asubstrate, a plurality of pads extending from a surface of thesubstrate, and a plurality of electrical traces on the surface of thesubstrate. A pad may refer to any point on a substrate that will connectto a pillar on an adjacent substrate as would be appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. Thesemiconductor device includes a moisture impermeable layer on a portionof the surface of the substrate, wherein the moisture impermeable layeris absent from the plurality of pads and the plurality of the pluralityof electrical traces. In one embodiment of the disclosure, a method ofmaking a semiconductor device assembly comprises providing a firstsubstrate and deposing a moisture impermeable layer on a portion of afirst surface of the first substrate, wherein the moisture impermeablelayer prevents, or at least resists, moisture within the first substratefrom moving past the moisture impermeable layer. The method includesproviding a layer on the moisture impermeable layer and attaching asecond substrate to the first surface of the substrate with the layerand the moisture impermeable layer being positioned between the twosubstrates. The layer may be NCF, DAF, CUF, or the like. The layer,which may be NCF, may be provided on the moisture impermeable layer invarious ways as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the arthaving the benefit of this disclosure. For example, NCF may be laminatedonto the semiconductor device. In an embodiment, NCF may not belaminated onto the substrate until after additional substrates arestacked onto the substrate.

FIG. 1 shows a semiconductor device assembly 100 that includes a secondsubstrate, or semiconductor device, 120 attached or bonded to a firstsubstrate 110. The second substrate 120 is electrically connected to thefirst substrate 110 via interconnects 130 comprised of pillars 125 onthe second substrate 120 connected to electrical traces 115 on the firstsubstrate 110. A single second substrate 120 is shown in FIG. 1connected to the first substrate 110 for illustrative purposes. However,the semiconductor device assembly 100 may include more than oneadditional substrate 120 as would be appreciated by one of ordinaryskill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The semiconductor device assembly 100 includes a solder mask 150 and alayer, which may be NCF 160, positioned between the second substrate 120and a first or top surface 111 of the first substrate 110, which isopposite a second or bottom surface 112. The semiconductor deviceassembly 100 includes a moisture impermeable layer 140 that ispositioned on top of a portion of the surface 111 of the first substrate110 and on the solder mask 150. The moisture impermeable layer 140 isconfigured to prevent, or at least inhibit or deter, moisture within thefirst substrate 110 from moving past the impermeable layer 140 and intothe NCF 160, which could result in voids 380 (shown in FIG. 3). Themoisture impermeably layer 140 is configured to prevent, or at leastinhibit or deter, moisture within the first substrate 110 from movingpast the impermeable layer 140 and into the layer 160, whether the layercomprises NCF, DAF, CUF, or the like. In an embodiment, the moistureimpermeable layer 140 may be deposited on exposed portions of the firstsubstrate 110 that are not already covered by the solder mask 150, aswould be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art having thebenefit of this disclosure. For example, the moisture impermeable layer140 may be deposited on all exposed areas of the first substrate 110 andthen be removed from exposed electrical connection areas (e.g., traces115). Alternatively, the moisture impermeable layer 140 may only bedeposited on exposed areas of the first substrate 110 that do notinclude exposed electrical connections.

As discussed herein, semiconductor device assemblies 100 may betypically assembled in a high humidity environment, which helps todecrease the possibility of electrostatic discharge. However, thesubstrate begins to absorb moisture in the high humidity environmentonce the substrate is removed from its packaging, as shown in FIGS. 6Aand 6B. FIG. 6A is a graph depicting the weight of a first examplesubstrate. From time −3 hours to 0 hours, the weight of the substratedecreases as the moisture is removed during the baking process. At time0 hours, the first example substrate is removed from a baking processand left in the open air. As shown in FIG. 6A, the first examplesubstrate immediately begins to absorb moisture, which causes anincrease in weight. Within eight (8) hours of being in open air, thefirst example substrate has absorbed almost all of the moisture removedduring the baking process. FIG. 6B is a graph depicting the weight of asecond example substrate. Again, the graph shows that the second examplesubstrate begins to absorb moisture once it is removed from the bakingprocess and within eight (8) hours the substrate has absorbed almost allof the moisture previously removed by the baking process.

The moisture impermeable layer 140 may be a thin layer added to thefirst substrate 110 to prohibit, or at least inhibit, moisture withinthe first substrate 110 from creating voids within the NCF 160, or thelike, of the semiconductor device assembly 100. For example, themoisture impermeable layer 140 may have a thickness between 15μ and 1μ,or even less. The moisture impermeable layer 140 may be comprised ofvarious materials as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill inthe art having the benefit of this disclosure. For example, the moistureimpermeable layer 140 may be comprised of, but not limited to,polyimides, polyimide-like materials, epoxies, epoxy-acrylates,polymers, parylene, vinyltriethoxysilane, and/or combinations thereof.The moisture impermeable layer 140 may be used on a substrate 110 toprohibit, or at least inhibit, moisture within the substrate 110 fromcreating voids within CUF, DAF, or the like, as would be appreciated byone of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The moisture impermeable layer 140 may be deposited onto the solder mask150 and surface 111 of the first substrate 110 in various different waysas would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art having thebenefit of this disclosure. For example, the moisture impermeable layer140 may be printed onto the solder mask 150 and substrate 110 by a 3Dprinter, such as a 3D ink jet printer. The moisture impermeable layer140 may be printed onto those areas of the first substrate 110 desiredto be covered by the moisture impermeable layer 140. The moistureimpermeable layer 140 may be deposited onto the first substrate 110 invarious ways. For example, screen printing may be used to deposit themoisture impermeable layer 140. The moisture impermeably layer 140 couldbe added to the entire surface 111 of the first substrate 110 includingthe solder mask 150 and then be removed from the exposed traces 115, aswell as any exposed pads, as would be appreciated by one of ordinaryskill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The moisture impermeable layer 140 may be treated to improve the wettingand adherence between the NCF 160, or the like, and the moistureimpermeable layer 140. For example, the moisture impermeable layer 140may be comprised of a low surface energy material, such as parylene. Themoisture impermeable layer 140 may be treated prior to the applicationof the NCF 160, or the like, to improve the adherence of the NCF 160, orthe like, to the moisture impermeable layer 140. The moistureimpermeable layer 140 may be treated in various ways to improve thewetting and adherence as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skillin the art having the benefit of this disclosure. For example, themoisture impermeable layer 140 may be treated by the application ofplasma to the moisture impermeable layer 140.

FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor device assembly 200 that includes a secondsubstrate, or semiconductor device, 220 attached or bonded to a firstsubstrate 210. The second substrate 220 is electrically connected to thefirst substrate 210 via interconnects 230 comprised of pillars 225 onthe second substrate 220 connected to electrical traces 215 on the firstsubstrate 210. A single second substrate 220 is shown in FIG. 2connected to the first substrate 210 for illustrative purposes. However,the semiconductor device assembly 200 may include more than oneadditional substrate 220 as would be appreciated by one of ordinaryskill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The semiconductor device assembly 200 includes NCF 260, or the like,positioned between the second substrate 220 and a first or top surface211 of the first substrate 210, which is opposite a second or bottomsurface 212. The semiconductor device assembly 200 includes a moistureimpermeable layer 240 that is positioned on top of a portion of thesurface 211 of the first substrate 210. The moisture impermeable layer140 is configured to prevent, or at least inhibit, moisture within thefirst substrate 210 from moving past the impermeable layer 240 and intothe NCF 260, which could result in voids 380 (shown in FIG. 3). Themoisture impermeable layer 240 may be used on a substrate 210 toprohibit, or at least inhibit, moisture within the substrate 210 fromcreating voids within CUF, DAF, or the like, as would be appreciated byone of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

The moisture impermeable layer 240 may be used as a substitute for thesolder mask 150 of the semiconductor device assembly 100 of FIG. 1. Themoisture impermeable layer 240 may be a thin layer added to the firstsubstrate 240 to prevent or resist moisture within the first substrate240 from creating voids within the NCF 260, or the like, of thesemiconductor device assembly 200. The moisture impermeable layer 240may decrease impingement issues as would be appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art having the benefit. For example, the moistureimpermeable layer 140 may have a thickness of between 15μ and 1μ, oreven less, which may be thinner than a solder mask 150 (shown in FIG. 1)as solder masks 150 are typically 20μ thick.

As discussed herein, the moisture impermeable layer 240 may be comprisedof various materials as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill inthe art having the benefit of this disclosure. For example, the moistureimpermeable layer 240 may be comprised of, but not limited to,polyimides, polyimide-like materials, epoxies, epoxy-acrylates,polymers, parylene, vinyltriethoxysilane, and/or combinations thereof.The moisture impermeable layer 240 may be treated to improve the wettingand adherence between the NCF 260, or the like, and the moistureimpermeable layer 240.

FIG. 4 shows a top view schematic of a prior semiconductor assembly 300.The second substrate 320 is not shown for clarity. The first substrate310 includes a plurality of pads 316 and exposed traces 315 shownschematically in FIG. 4. A solder mask 350 covers a left portion andright portion of the top surface of the first substrate 310. The soldermask 350 is not deposited onto the pads 316 or a central exposed portionof the first substrate 310 that include exposed traces 315.

FIG. 5 shows a top view schematic of an embodiment of a semiconductorassembly 200. The second substrate 220 is not shown for clarity. Thefirst substrate 210 includes a plurality of pads 216 and traces 215. Amoisture impermeable layer 240 covers the surface of the first substrate210. The moisture impermeable layer 240 does not cover the pads 216 orexposed electrical traces 215 in a center portion of the first substrate210. As discussed herein, the moisture impermeable layer 240 isconfigured to prevent or at least resist moisture within the firstsubstrate 210 from moving past the impermeable layer 240, which couldresult in voids 380 (shown in FIG. 3) in NCF 260 (not shown in FIG. 5)between the first substrate 210 and a second substrate 220 (not shown inFIG. 5). The moisture impermeable layer 240 may be configured to preventor at least resist moisture within a substrate 210 from moving past theimpermeable layer 240, which could result in voids within CUF, DAF, orthe like, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the arthaving the benefit of this disclosure.

The moisture impermeable layer 240 may be deposited onto the firstsubstrate 210 in various different ways as would be appreciated by oneof ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. Forexample, the moisture impermeable layer 240 may be printed onto thesubstrate 210 by a 3D printer, such as a 3D ink jet printer. Themoisture impermeable layer 240 may be deposited onto the first substrate210 in various ways. The moisture impermeably layer 240 could be addedto the entire surface 211 of the first substrate 210 and then be removedfrom the pads 216 and the exposed traces 215 as would be appreciated byone of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method 400 of making asemiconductor device assembly. The method 400 includes providing a firstsubstrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the firstsurface, at 410. The method 400 includes depositing a moistureimpermeable layer on a portion of the first surface of the firstsubstrate, wherein the moisture impermeable layer prevents, or at leastinhibits, moisture within the first substrate from moving past themoisture impermeable layer, at 420. The method 400 may include deposinga solder mask on the first surface of the first substrate, at 415, priorto depositing the moisture impermeable layer. The moisture impermeablelayer would then be deposited on both the solder mask and the firstsurface of the first substrate.

The method 400 includes providing NCF, DAF, CUF, or the like, on themoisture impermeable layer, at 430, and attaching a second substrate tothe first surface of the first substrate with the NCF and the moistureimpermeable layer being positioned between a portion of the secondsubstrate and the first surface of the first substrate, at 440.Alternatively, NCF, or the like, may be laminated onto a semiconductordevice assembly after the second substrate, and potentially additionalsubstrates, are stacked onto the first substrate as would be appreciatedby one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of thisdisclosure. The method 400 may include preventing the moistureimpermeable layer from being deposited on electrical connections on thefirst surface of the first substrate, at 450. The method 400 may includeremoving the moisture impermeable layer from electrical connections onthe first surface of the first substrate, at 460.

The method 400 may include treating the moisture impermeable layer, at470. The moisture impermeable layer may be treated to improve thewettability and/or adherence by NCF when it is deposited on the moistureimpermeable layer. The method 400 may include applying plasma to themoisture impermeable layer, at 480. Other methods may be used to treatthe moisture impermeable layer as would be appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. Themethod 400 may include using a 3D printer to print the moistureimpermeable layer on the first surface of the first substrate, at 490.Other methods may be used to deposit the moisture impermeable layer onthe first surface of the first substrate as would be appreciated by oneof ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certainembodiments, other embodiments that are apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art, including embodiments that do not provide all of thefeatures and advantages set forth herein, are also within the scope ofthis disclosure. The disclosure may encompass other embodiments notexpressly shown or described herein. Accordingly, the scope of thepresent disclosure is defined only by reference to the appended claimsand equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor device assembly comprising: afirst substrate; a second substrate electrically connected to a surfaceof the first substrate; a layer positioned between the surface of thefirst substrate and the second substrate; and a moisture impermeablelayer positioned between the layer and the surface of the firstsubstrate, wherein the moisture impermeable layer resists moisturewithin the first substrate from moving through the moisture impermeablelayer.
 2. The assembly of claim 1, the layer comprising non-conductivefilm (NCF).
 3. The assembly of claim 1, the layer comprising die attachfilm.
 4. The assembly of claim 1, the layer comprising capillaryunderfill.
 5. The assembly of claim 1, the first substrate furthercomprising at least one pad and at least one electrical trace, whereinthe moisture impermeable layer is absent from the surface of thesubstrate at the at least one pad and at the at least one electricaltrace.
 6. The assembly of claim 2, further comprising a solder mask on aportion of the surface of the first substrate.
 7. The assembly of claim6, wherein the moisture impermeable layer is positioned between thesolder mask and the NCF.
 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the soldermask has a thickness of approximately 20μ and the moisture impermeablelayer has a thickness of less than or equal to 15μ.
 9. The assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the moisture impermeable layer has a thickness between1μ and 15μ.
 10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the moistureimpermeable layer is comprised of one of polyimides, polyimide-likematerials, epoxies, epoxy-acrylates, polymers, parylene,vinyltriethoxysilane, and combinations thereof.
 11. The assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the moisture impermeable layer has an electricalresistance equal to or higher than 10¹² ohm-centimeter.
 12. The assemblyof claim 1, wherein the moisture impermeable layer has been treated toimprove wetting and adherence of the layer to the moisture impermeablelayer.
 13. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second substratecomprises a semiconductor die.
 14. A semiconductor device comprising: asubstrate; a plurality of pads extending from a surface of thesubstrate; a plurality of electrical traces on the surface of thesubstrate; and a moisture impermeable layer on a portion of the surfaceof the substrate, wherein the moisture impermeable layer is absent fromthe plurality of pads and the plurality of electrical traces.
 15. Thedevice of claim 14, further comprising a solder mask on a portion of thesurface of the substrate.
 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the soldermask is between the impermeable layer and the surface of the substrate.17. The device of claim 14, wherein the moisture impermeable layercreates a barrier for moisture within the substrate.
 18. A method ofmaking a semiconductor device assembly comprising: providing a firstsubstrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the firstsurface; depositing a moisture impermeable layer on a portion of thefirst surface of the first substrate, wherein the moisture impermeablelayer inhibits moisture within the first substrate from moving past themoisture impermeable layer; providing a layer on the moistureimpermeable layer; and attaching a second substrate to the first surfaceof the substrate, the layer and the moisture impermeable layer beingpositioned between a portion of the second substrate and the firstsurface of the first substrate.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein thelayer is comprised of one of non-conductive film, die attach film, andcapillary underfill.
 20. The method of claim 18, comprising preventingthe moisture impermeable layer from being deposited on electricalconnections on the first surface of the first substrate.
 21. The methodof claim 18, comprising removing the moisture impermeable layer fromelectrical connections on the first surface of the first substrate. 22.The method of claim 18, comprising treating the moisture impermeablelayer to improve the wetting and adhesion of the layer to the moistureimpermeable layer prior to providing the layer on the moistureimpermeable layer.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein treating themoisture impermeable layer comprises applying plasma to the moistureimpermeable layer.
 24. The method of claim 18, comprising depositing asolder mask on the first surface of the first substrate prior todepositing the moisture impermeable layer, wherein depositing themoisture impermeable layer on the portion of the first surface of thefirst substrate further comprises depositing the moisture impermeablelayer on the solder mask and on a portion of the first surface of thefirst substrate.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the moistureimpermeable layer has a thickness that is less than a thickness of thesolder mask.
 26. The method of claim 18, wherein depositing the moistureimpermeable layer on the portion of the first surface of the firstsubstrate comprises using a 3D printer to print the moisture impermeablelayer on the first surface of the first substrate.